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The first generation of computer

Computer EniacLa first generation computer first generation goes from 1946 to 1958, a time when electronic technology was based on vacuum bulbs or tubes, and communication was in terms of level low that there may be, known as machine language.

The main models that comprise the first generation of computers are:

1. 1947 ENIAC. First electronic digital computer in history. It was a production model, but a machine experimental. Nor was programmable current sense. It was a huge machine that filled a basement on campus. Built with 18,000 bulbs consumed several kW of electrical power and weighed several tons. He was able to make five thousand additions per second. It was made by a team of engineers and scientists led by Dr. John W. Mauchly and J. Prester Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.
2. EDVAC 1949. First programmable computer. He was also a laboratory prototype, but already included in its design the core ideas that shape today's computers. Incorporating the ideas of Dr. Alex Quimby.
3. UNIVAC 1951 I. First commercial computer. Mauchly and Eckert doctors formed a company, Universal Computer (Univac) and its first product was this machine. The first client was the Office of the United States Census.
4. IBM 1953 701. To enter your data, computers used punch cards, which were invented in the years of the Industrial Revolution (late eighteenth century) by the French Jacquard and perfected by American Herman Hollerith in 1890. The IBM 701 was the first in a long series of computers of this company, which later became the number 1 in sales volume.
5. 1954 - IBM continued with other models, incorporating a 1960 mass storage mechanism called magnetic drum, which over the years evolve and become the magnetic disk.

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The second generation of computers

The second generation of computers, covers the period between 1954 and 1964, characterized by the invention of the transistor.

For 50 years, transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the circuits of computers.

The second-generation computers are no longer vacuum tubes, but transistors are smaller and consume less power than previous form of communication with these new computers is using more advanced language machine language, which are called "high-level languages" or programming languages.

The most important characteristics of second generation computers are built

were

electronic transistors to be programmed high-level languages \u200b\u200b

1951, Maurice Wilkes invented microprogramming, which simplifies much CPU development

1956, IBM sold first magnetic disk system, RAMAC [Random Access Method of Accounting and Control]. 50 discs of metal used to 61cm, with 100 tracks per side. It could store 5 megabytes of data and a cost of $ 10,000 per megabyte.

The first programming language for general purpose high-level FORTRAN, was also developed at IBM around this time. (The design of high-level language Plankalkül, 1945 by Konrad Zuse was not implemented at that time).

1959, IBM shipped the IBM 1401 mainframe-based transistor, which used punch cards. Proved to be a general purpose computer and 12,000 units were sold, making it the most successful machine in the history of computing. had a magnetic core memory of 4,000 characters (later extended to 16,000 characters). Many aspects of their designs were based on the desire to replace the use of punch cards, which were widely used from the 1920's to early 70's.

1960, IBM launched the IBM 1620 mainframe based on transistors, originally with only a punched paper tape, but soon upgraded to punch cards. Proved a popular scientific computer and sold approximately 2,000 units. Used a kernel memory magnetic over 60,000 digits.

DEC launched the PDP-1, its first machine geared for use by technical staff in laboratories and research.

1964, IBM announced the S/360 series, which was the first family of computers that could run the same software at different combinations of speed, capacity and price. It also pioneered the commercial use of microprograms, and extended instruction set for processing many types of data, not just arithmetic. In addition, it unified the IBM product line, which prior to that time had two separate lines, a line of products "Commercial" and "scientific" line. The software provided with System/350 also included major advances, including commercially available multi-programming, new programming languages, and programs regardless of device input / output. More than 14,000 had been delivered System/360 in 1968.

DEC launched the smallest machine PDP-8, also intended for use by technical staff in laboratories and research

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The third generation of computers

computers The Third Generation (1965-1974)

the mid 60's saw the invention of the integrated circuit or microchip, by Jack St. Claire Kilby and Robert Noyce. After Ted Hoff was the invention of the microprocessor, at Intel. In late 1960, researchers like George Gamow noted that the nucleotide sequences in DNA formed a code, another form of coding or programming.

From this date, began to pack several tiny transistors and other electronic components on a single chip or package, containing within it a complete circuit, an amplifier, an oscillator or a logic gate. Naturally, with these chips (integrated circuits) was much easier to assemble complicated devices, radio or television receivers and computers.

In 1965, IBM announced the first group of machines built with integrated circuits, which was called the 360 \u200b\u200bseries.

These third generation computers replaced entirely by the second, introducing a form of programming that is still present in large computers.

This is what happened in (1964-1971) which includes the third generation of computers:

Lower power consumption reduction

Dear

space Increased reliability

Teleprocess

Multiprogramming

peripheral Renewal

minicomputers, not so expensive and hard-deprocesamiento. Some of the most popular were the PDP-8 and PDP-11

π was calculated (number Pi) with 500,000 decimal

Other characters that can be found in this generation are:

integrated circuits were developed to process information.

were developed chips to store and process information. A "chip" is a piece of silicon containing electronic components miniature called semiconductors.

integrated circuits recall data because they store information as electrical charges. Surge

multiprogramming.

Computers can perform both tasks of processing or mathematical analysis. Emerge

the software industry. "

minicomputers are developed IBM 360 and DEC PDP-1. Again

computers become smaller, lighter and more efficient.

They consumed less electricity, thus generating less heat.

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The fourth generation of computers

From 1974-1988, two improvements in computer technology marks the beginning of the fourth generation: the replacement of the memories with magnetic cores, for the silicon chip and the placement of many more components on a Chip: product micro-miniaturization of electronic circuits. The small size of microprocessor chips made possible the creation of personal computers (PC). Today

technologies LSI (large scale integration) and VLSI (very large scale integration) allow hundreds of thousands of electronic components are stored on a chip. Using VLSI, a manufacturer can make a small computer with a computer would rival the first generation that occupied an entire room. They made their big debut microcomputers.

Microcomputers or Personal Computers (PCs) had its origin with the creation of microprocessors. A microprocessor is "a computer on a chip" that is an independent integrated circuit. The PC's are computers for personal use and are relatively inexpensive and are now in offices, schools and homes.

The PC term is derived from that by the year 1981, IBM, she released her model "IBM PC" , which became a kind of ideal computer for use "personal" hence the term "PC" clones were standardized and subsequently took other companies that were called "PC compatible" processors using the same type as the IBM, but at a lower cost and can run the same type of program. There are other types of microcomputers, such as the Macintosh, which are not compatible with IBM, but in many cases they are also called "PC's", being of use. Microprocessor The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004, produced in 1971. It was originally developed for a calculator, and it was revolutionary for its time. It contained 2,300 transistors in a 4-bit microprocessor that could perform only 60,000 operations per second. The first 8-bit microprocessor was the Intel 8008, developed in 1972 for use in computer terminals. The Intel 8008 contained 3,300 transistors. The first microprocessor actually designed for general use, developed in 1974, was the 8-bit Intel 8080, which contained 4,500 transistors and could execute 200,000 instructions per second. Modern microprocessors have a much greater speed and capacity.

These include the Intel Pentium Pro, with 5.5 million transistors, the UltraSparc-II, Sun Microsystems, which contains 5.4 million transistors, the PowerPC 620, developed jointly by Apple, IBM and Motorola, 7 million transistors, and the Alpha 21164A, Digital Equipment Corporation, with 9.3 million transistors. The microprocessor is an electronic circuit that acts as a central processing unit of a computer, providing control of the calculations.

microprocessors are also used in other advanced electronic systems, such as printers, automobiles and airplanes. In 1995 there were about 4,000 million chips worldwide. The microprocessor is a highly integrated circuit type. Integrated circuits, also known as microchips or chips, are complex electronic circuits consisting of extremely small components formed on a single thin, flat piece of semiconductor material known as

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The Fifth Generation Computer

The fifth generation of computers was an ambitious project launched by Japan in the late 70's. Its aim was to develop a class of computers would use artificial intelligence techniques -level machine language and be able to solve complex problems, such as automatic translation of natural language to another (from Japanese to English, for example).

The project lasted ten years, but did not obtain the expected results and followed today's computers, as there are many cases where it is either impossible to carry out a parallelization of it, or once held it but did not notice any improvement, or the worst case, a loss of performance. There must be clear that for a parallel program must, first, identify in the same parts that could be implemented separately on different processors. It is also important to note that a program is executed sequentially, should receive numerous amendments to it can be executed in parallel, ie first it would be interesting to study whether this work we take is offset by the improved performance of the task after parallelizable.

Expert Systems An expert system is an artificial intelligence application that uses a knowledge base of human experience to help solve problems (facts about objects and situations and information on tracking a action to solve a problem.)

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The orc in all its glory

Hello

travelers brave the internets, to conclude the matter we bring you a video of good orcobot in its final phase. We invite you to visit the other new videos on our YouTube channel .

The fate of the Orc is somewhat uncertain, however does not mean that his story ends here. There is a long way to go in search of honor and glory ... and although the path is difficult, so the legends are forged.

The work continues and there are many plans on the horizon for this brave robot.

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The Diode Renormalization

Good vibe brothers metalheads, overlapping of influenza tests finally we bring the advances and setbacks we've had these past few weeks in building good Orcobot.

The ordeal began last week ... the Orcobot stopped working. We lost valuable days in the long and cruel process of elimination. We tested the communication between the microcontroller and the computer, we check the outputs of uC, separate the solenoid circuit, we tested individually control the robot from the HyperTerminal, in short, all the components work individually, however when the robot arm again nothing.

What was it that happened?

Javier Rubio was the teacher who showed us our mistake. Protection diodes in parallel with the coil.

"A coils are put on a reverse biased diode in parallel to protect the switching element (in this case the transistors) of the over-voltage causes the coil when it is switched. By switching a circuit with an inductance, the current "turns" in the coil, returning that power to the circuit, thanks to the diode, this current was biased and is discharged through it, without affecting the rest of the circuit. "

And because it worked without diodes?

With use, the layers that make up the emitter and collector formed a channel of the same type of material, in this state the transistor behaves with a FET (field effect transistor) which is controlled by a voltage differential and not to an amount of power as does the transistor, so the circuit stops working.

In short, the semiconductor layers are excited with the transistor current to the coil, which rendered the P-type material and N-type material hostiles.y do their bit by bit, we were throwing the transistors.

Putting protection diodes there is no return current that affects the transistor, therefore no hostilfest on the switch and transistors work properly ... Yeah!

modified circuit of protection diode or n

cowboys Do not forget, protection diodes whenever something switched coils.

More information about transistors here.

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MERRIMAN ROBERT HALE (b.?, 1908 - m. Corbera, 1938)

son of a woodcutter, Robert Merriman had to do all sorts of jobs, from cowboy to bricklayer, to get a degree in economics from University of Nevada. In 1933 he moved to Berkeley to study a postgraduate at the University of California with his wife Marion, with whom he had married the same day of his graduation. Berkeley Merriman marriage belonged to several American leftist movements.
In 1935 he left his job as a teacher in California for travel in Europe first and eventually the Soviet Union, which wanted to study the new economic system that had emerged from the revolution. In the USSR, learned Russian while his wife worked as a journalist. In 1936, during a vacation in Vienna, had the opportunity to know the Nazis, it seems that influenced him at the time of joining the International Brigades the outbreak of the English civil war, like many other intellectuals from around the world.
In early 1937, while his wife remained in the USSR, Merriman arrived in Spain to be an instructor at the base that were international in Albacete, because it had military experience have belonged to Training Corps Reserve Officers ( ROTC) during their studies, mostly because they paid a salary.
In February 1937 served as commander of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion , made by Americans, the XV International Brigade in the Battle of Jarama . The XV Brigade was formed almost entirely from international Anglo-Saxon countries. The Jarama was about to be shot by their commanders by refusing twice to try to take Pingarrón hill, later called the suicide. Finally, in two separate attacks, the Lincoln Battalion lost about 340 of its 400 men, and the same Merriman was wounded in the shoulder. Keep in mind that the Jarama was one of the bloodiest battles of the war. Nevertheless, some of Rapporteurship men after the disaster was due more to incompetence and other officers than anything else, getting the nickname "Murderman."
Knowing that her husband had been wounded, Marion Merriman also traveled to Spain where he would become a member of the XV International Brigade, where he held the most diverse roles, from nurse to Secretary of Staff, and where he to obtain after graduation.
In July 1937, after spending his convalescence doing office work for the Brigade, Merriman was again in command of Lincoln, who had to be supplemented by items from other battalions for its high casualties in the battle of Brunete . Keep in mind that the International Brigades were shock units Popular Army of the Republic . In Brunete only survived about 1000 men of 2500 that formed the XV Brigade at the beginning of the battle.
In August 1937 participated in the battle of Belchite as Chief of Staff of the XV Brigade. In October, Marion traveled to the U.S., which participate in multiple events to raise funds for the Republic.
Finally, in 1938 Robert Merriman was as commander of the XV Brigade when he disappeared in the disastrous retreat of Aragon. It is believed to have died along with some of his men in an ambush somewhere near Corbera, although his death was never confirmed, and his wife spent many years pulling the strings of international diplomacy in the belief that he was still alive and a prisoner of the Franco regime. Upon the death of dictator Marion traveled to Spain last but could not find any proof of the death of her husband.
Therefore, Merriman has gone down in history as one of the intellectuals who came to our country in the name of freedom and against fascism. An example of selflessness and romanticism that few in the country compared with the very Lord Byron, during his lifetime and that caused the admiration of other scholars as the same Hemingway who, apparently, used the figure as a prototype for Merriman Robert Jordan, star of "For Whom the Bell Tolls."

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Resident Evil 6: Mexico


By profession and our fans ...

Due to the health emergency that we live in Mexico, and to avoid possible infection of influenza in the country, classes were suspended until May 6 .

follow the recommendations of the Secretary of Health, some orcs back to their caves far from the citadel, some others take refuge in the mines, the others are probably dead.

This situation severely affects the progress in the construction of Orcobot. Hope for your understanding and support.

Orcs

Stacking Memory Toppers

As punishment for not attending class on April 14, the teacher made us go to the blog presentation of progress of the third set as video ... there you have punks ...

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Sweet Revenge The Black Diamond

happy to end the day we got rid of the annoying noise that produced the solenoids to strike the keys. To achieve rubber gaskets placed on the tip of each stem. Can see the result in the following video.

Orcobot - Black Diamond (Stratovarius)

Without wishing kill two birds with one stone, the rubber seal greatly reduces the sound produced by playing every note and also prevents the solenoid "fly off" by the rebound of the keys, so we should not stop solenoids with a top wall as we did in the past tests.

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Today

solved a few problems with the power that came to the solenoids, for example, each solenoid pressure exerted was terribly small when one solenoid is activated at the same time. As you can guess, because this action is very common to play the piano, it becomes a pretty big problem.

To resolve this problem and achieve good control over each of the solenoids that will play the musical notes implemented the following circuit:

Electronic Chart Activation of each solenoid.

The design is a pair of transistors in Darlington configuration . The base of the first transistor, a 2N2222A, is activated by a pin PIC microcontroller output through a resistance of 100 Ohms. Establishing a low impedance path between the emitter and collector which activates a second transistor, a TIP41C. Finally, it creates a low impedance path between the emitter and collector to activate the solenoid, and generate the movement required to activate the desired key.

Thanks to all this, we test the "right hand" of Orcobot and with the keyboard, the result is the following:

Orcobot - Black Dragon (Luca Turilli Cover)

Finally, we ordered a bit of wiring hell that was among the eight solenoids that are tested and the master microcontroller.

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Orkish Piano Lesson Hunting High And Low

Good news this week suddenly build a base to do some performance testing and monitoring of the end of the robot actuators.

Building the base for testing.

With these tests we observed the behavior that will once solenoids attached to the structure of robot, with the advantage of not having to put it together yet. In addition, it allowed us to design changes needed before mounting the final structure.

Today we test the control circuit with a full octave. The process was carried out as follows:

1. develop the application you care about the tune in MIDI format we want the robot run.
   
2. Once decodes the MIDI application, sent to the microcontroller (PIC18F4550 ) messages that interest us ( NOTE ON and NOTE OFF ) serially.
3. The microcontroller is responsible to activate or deactivate the solenoids according to instructions received from the PC.

Then the video of the test.

As you can see in the video, the speed of the solenoid is being run pretty good, so quiensabe ... Once completed, the orcobot could become the Jens Johansson of robots: D.

Unfortunately we a little behind in building the structure of the robot. Take advantage of these spring break to move as close as possible, we hope to have some pictures soon.

still testing and orcobot is getting closer to seeing the light.
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Unraveling the Mysteries ...

After much work, we finally have a stable version of the transmission program with which we work. Today we bring the first evidence of communication between the PC and microcontroller. We recommend that you take a tour of the previous entries MIDI bare to be aware of the advances that have so far.

Breadboard with test track.

Well, due to the lack of Linux drivers for serial-USB converter to use to transmit data from the PC, we work on a virtual machine running Windows XP. The application is developed in Java and use NetBeans development environment (you can download the newest version of the IDE with the new version of java here.)

The program works as follows:

1. Open MIDI file.
2. Decode. Discriminating
3. message properties ON / OFF.
   
4. Send messages to the microcontroller via RS232.

use the PIC18F4550 microcontroller as receiver of the data, we have no particular reason to use that model rather than the number of free pins you have, plus we already had one, maybe in the future is replaced by a microcontroller a little less "left."

As mentioned in previous entries MIDI naked, data transmission occurs serially. When you load the MIDI data to the microcontroller, the application on the PC serial port sends a string to a press note and the eighth in which it is located. This action is repeated every few minutes depending on the structure of melody charged. The microcontroller works

voltage TTL, which is why when communicating serially with a micro computer to use the MAX232 integrated circuit, the circuit changes the TTL levels to RS-232 standard in TX, and RS-232 levels to TTL RX. The typical circuit is shown in the figure below:

MAX232 Connection Diagram.

The format in which data is sent is the following

• G4: Note the Sun in the fourth octave.
• Y4: Note F sharp in the fourth octave. Etc.

Transmission of data from the application.

The microcontroller compares the received string and executes appropriate actions depending on the octave in which the note is received. For these preliminary tests declare an output pin for each note and ignore for now the information octaves. In each output pin connect a LED (the robot would solenoids) that shows whether or not the note is being struck.

Video of the first tests. We are happy to report that they were all satisfactory.

Child: Listen Mr. orc ... Why not try a little harder and informed PC and microphone via USB?
Orc: Why not.

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Robot Blacksmith's Workshop

In this post we'll talk a little about how the robot will perform a musical piece. To play every note on the keyboard using 19 solenoids (7 in 12 in the harmony and melody), they are mounted on supports that can move through the entire keyboard (as they would a pair of hands). This week two blacksmiths harvested the mineral orcs of middle earth to bring the world two sills that make the role of the media.

Cut a sheet of stainless steel in two parts of 187 mm and two 100 mm, then made small cuts to facilitate assembly. The result was as follows:

view supports the solenoids

As can be seen, solenoids corresponding to the full tones dovetail assembly, such is the practical skills of blacksmiths living in Minas Morgul.

At first, due to its weight, doubted if stainless steel would be the best option to fabricate the supports, but once built, the weight proved to be acceptable, in addition, that weight can help us reduce the error of inertia that could be presented by the nature of the engines. Earrings

:

• In the following days will be made to drill the sills that hold the solenoid to enable be bolted to them. Weld

• all creation and a finished surface to remove imperfections.

• will continue the same steps for the second set of actuators which will serve as harmony, the other hand will be even lighter than the other because they use less solenoids (7 per octave instead of 12 per octave).

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Standing by

punks Be patient ... was exam week and delivery of some projects, however we have been working hard on building the base and the first evidence of transmission of MIDI decoding master microcontroller robot ... climb some pictures and videos coming soon!

At the moment we leave this interesting video of the national anthem ... in jazz version!

We send greetings to all the dudes who visit us outside the Mexican Republic, in particular the MetalArgentum brothers.

Thank you all for your support!

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Progress of the Second Part

View more presentations from orcobot .

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The H-bridge Indeterminacy

Our fate is quite different under The days pass and the delivery date is drawing near. So to avoid such misfortunes and dirty tricks of fate that the universe so enjoy, we decided to give up certain contingency plans.

One of the most important and unresolved in the construction of the robot is the engine that will move to the actuators. As you have seen in previous posts, we have several options:

• stepper motor.
• DC Motors AC Motors
  

We have been considering the advantages and disadvantages of each, however there are still some loose ends and some tests done. For now we set up and test in proto circuit H bridge interface to Microcontroller.

The circuit is composed of:

• L293C
• Optocouplers
• 
  

resistors circuit is simple and functional enough for the moment we leave the diagram drawn in Multisim circuit and the template developed in Ultiboard.

bridge diagram H in Multisim.

Plan tilla Circuit.

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Serial Communication in Java

young druggies Hello, in this post we will talk about a very interesting topic that can be quite useful for many of you. We refer to the serial communication using JAVA programming language. At the entrance

"MIDI naked (Part 3) " define the communication between the microcontroller interface and robot master would serially. This is mainly due to the ease and simplicity of operation compared to the USB protocol.

is true that we are using a USB-Serial adapter , but for the computer that is transparent, ie, the machine is an adapter cable ordinary COM port.

Having said that, let's the interesting part. How to manipulate the flow of data through a COM port using Java? Well, first of all we must install a few libraries that can be found in www.rxtx.org

rxtxSerial Installation (www.rxtx.org) in Linux

Lower package rxtx-2.1-7 -bins-r2.zip (Final) "
librxtxSerial.so copy to / usr / lib
RXTXcomm.jar copy to [JDK-directory] / jre / lib / ext /

rxtxSerial Installation ( www.rxtx.org) in Windows

Lower package rxtx-2.1-7-bins-r2.zip (Final) "
rxtxSerial.dll copy to [JDK-directory] \\ jre \\ bin \\ rxtxSerial.dll
RXTXcomm.jar copy to [JDK-directory] \\ jre \\ lib \\ ext \\ RXTXcomm.jar

And that's it, now I just have to make sure you add the appropriate Imports to the top of its agenda. We recommend you visit the wiki RXTX project, there are a lot of information with many examples and projects to download.

Here is the example on which we rely to jump-start our user interface. This Java program shows how to write the classic "Hello World" on serial port . Remember that both a Java compiler RXTX libraries must be installed on your computer to make this application work.

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stepping motor

an option to control the movement of actuators via the keyboard is the use of stepper motors. The advantage of using stepper motors is the high accuracy and repeatability in terms of positioning these possess. Besides, the gods of Middle Earth have blessed us with two copies of large potential.

Motor common steps.

stepper motors are electromechanical devices that convert a series of electrical impulses in discrete angular displacements, ie they are able to move angularly depending on its control inputs (wiki) .

These motors have a torque of detention, a feature not found in a DC motor, this attribute allows the stepper motor is held firmly in place when not turning, as long as it energized.

In contrast to a conventional direct current motor, the control of a stepper motor is not performed by applying a voltage in the coils. These engines have several coils to produce a step forward, need to be fed in a particular sequence. In this way is as following a certain sequence occurs rotation of the motor and applying reverse logic ensures that the motor rotates in the opposite direction. If feeding sequence is incorrect the motor will move randomly without obtaining the expected results.

Sequence of a bipolar stepper motor.

The MC3479 is an integrated circuit designed to drive stepper motors two-phase bipolar mode. This integrated circuit is formed by a series of logic inputs, a decoding and sequencing section, two sections for handling coils engine also has the output terminal phase A.

Diagram MC3479 controller.

The operating characteristics of this IC are as follows:

• Food: 7.2 to 16.5 V.
• Supports up to 350 mA / coil.
• can select the direction of the steps CW / CCW, and controls the sequence of operation Full / Half Step. Tickets
• compatible with TTL and CMOS families.
• get hot as hell .

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MIDI naked (Part 3)

Hello everyone, this day will We have prepared an interesting update on the user interface of the robot.

As mentioned in previous posts, the Orcobot will perform musical pieces previously "loaded" in his memory. However, this process is much more complex than it seems. Try to be very clear to explain.

First, a MIDI file is loaded into the user interface, the interface is responsible for decoding and interpreting MIDI messages (see MIDI input nude 1). Once done, the values \u200b\u200bextracted from each message (statement, note, velocity, etc.) Are sent serially to the microcontroller master, which stores them in its FLASH memory.

El programa del maestro va a ejecutar las instrucciones almacenadas en memoria y buála!! Let’s Rock!!

¿Pero como diablos le vamos a hacer para entender y descifrar un archivo MIDI?

Afortunadamente, existe bastante documentación sobre este estándar y hemos trabajado mucho en comprenderlo. Además, encontramos en la red varios códigos de prueba que nos permiten hacer la decodificación e interpretación del protocolo (Ver entrada MIDI al desnudo 2 ).

Impresión de pantalla de la interfaz de usuario.

Hicimos nuestra interfaz de usuario utilizando dos de estos ejemplos basis (DumpReceiver.java and DumpSequence.java). As you can see in the picture, the decoded data are displayed in the interface, ie, we already have the notes of the song and the speed to be executed.

based programs to interface:

DumpSequence.java
DumpReceiver.java

displays the contents of a MIDI file decoded
Usage: java dumpSequence midifile

We leave pending the transmission
serial data for another entry.

Finally, we thank a very special PiKoS_NaN . Valuable help in the design process and software development made possible this interface.

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The Good News of the Kingdom of the Dragon Copper

are developing alternate routes for the movement of the actuators through the keyboard. Some of these options are:

• Motor Control AC

• control stepper motors with a Shift Register
  

A good news on the horizon sees a promising future for the orcs We have forged a tablet in the realm of copper a circuit is the key to control stepper motors (made in class of logical systems).

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MIDI bare ( part 2) IRON MAIDEN

After long search and many false choices, good Grishnákh brings good news on this issue. In this link you can download various kinds of Java under the GNU where we can manipulate MIDI files in several ways. So now it's just a matter of working hard to modify and implement them.

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A fearless orc was the team representing the city of Monterrey to see the iron maiden tour "Somewhere Back in Time" on 25 February, bringing good vibrates the team and looking forward to the Orcobot as good as Eddie touring stage.

The concert was excellent, there was great support bands like Carcass and Morbid Angel. In addition, Maiden put on a show of Heavy Metal as rarely seen in these lands. The spirit of Orcobot has gained more strength and we are ready to make this robot the best in the class. *

* clarify that the Orcs will maintain our honor intact and not go to the dirty and disgusting game to put the foot to the other teams.

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Congratulations and have a basis to move the robot, which was provided by the ITESM. Thank you very much to the management and physical plant personnel.

Among other things, the solenoids that we will this weekend (as we understand). The final cost of all was $ 2990.00 USD per 13 solenoids.

The teacher gave us a spring that we thought would be ideal for what we want, however, going to the store where they gave us the terrible news that did not have them and that they could not send request (its motto is that if you have not made, but did not mention at any time they could do), so the search continues.

also forgot to mention that the teacher gave us four 89C52 microcontrollers which use as slaves, one for the melody, one for the harmony, one more for the linear control and finally as a contingency if they fail.